public static double grad(int hash, double x, double y, double z)
{
switch (hash & 0xF)
{
case 0x0: return x + y;
case 0x1: return -x + y;
case 0x2: return x - y;
case 0x3: return -x - y;
case 0x4: return x + z;
case 0x5: return -x + z;
case 0x6: return x - z;
case 0x7: return -x - z;
case 0x8: return y + z;
case 0x9: return -y + z;
case 0xA: return y - z;
case 0xB: return -y - z;
case 0xC: return y + x;
case 0xD: return -y + z;
case 0xE: return y - x;
case 0xF: return -y - z;
default: return 0; // never happens
}
}